I’ve seen them called “Stop Lines”, “Balk Line”, etc. The thick line painted on the road at a Stop Sign.
You’re supposed to stop before the line, but a lot of the time there’s a bush or other obstruction so you can’t see any crossing traffic. You have to creep forward until you can see anything.
Is there a reason for this? Is it done on purpose? It makes sense if there’s a crosswalk or something, but I see it a lot where there shouldn’t be any pedestrian activity.
For stoplights, the stop line being comically far back is often so buses and trucks have room to make a big turn without colliding with your vehicle. If you’re at an intersection where the stop line is in an absurd place, it’s usually better to stop there rather than stopping wherever and running the risk of finding out why it is that you were supposed to stop way back.
For stop signs, I have no idea. Maybe it means the traffic engineer was drunk that day or something; IDK.